Knox County, Kentucky, has a rich history that reflects the broader development of the Appalachian region and the state of Kentucky. Before European settlers arrived, the area that is now Knox County was inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Cherokee. The region was known for its fertile land and abundant resources, which were important for hunting and trading. The area began to see European exploration and settlement in the late 18th century. The Wilderness Road, blazed by Daniel Boone and others, passed through the region, making it an important route for settlers moving westward into Kentucky. Knox County was established on June 1, 1799, from parts of Lincoln County. It was named in honor of Henry Knox, the first Secretary of War of the United States under President George. The original county seat was located at the town of Barboursville. Early settlers in Knox County were primarily engaged in agriculture. The fertile soil and favorable climate made it well-suited for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and tobacco, and for raising livestock.
During the Civil War (1861-1865), Knox County, like much of Kentucky, was divided in its loyalties. Although Kentucky was officially neutral, the county saw significant activity from both Union and Confederate forces. Local residents were often involved in skirmishes and raids. Several skirmishes and minor battles occurred in the area. The county's location made it strategically significant for controlling transportation routes and resources.
The arrival of the railroad in the late 19th and early 20th centuries significantly impacted the development of Knox County. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N Railroad) passed through the county, facilitating transportation and trade. In the early 20th century, coal mining became a major industry in Knox County. The discovery of rich coal deposits led to economic growth and increased industrial activity. The coal industry brought both opportunities and challenges, including labor disputes and environmental impacts.
In recent decades, Knox County has seen shifts in its economic base. While coal mining was once a major industry, its importance has declined due to changing energy policies and market conditions. The county has diversified its economy with an emphasis on education, healthcare, and tourism. The presence of institutions such as the University of the Cumberlands in neighboring Whitey County has influenced the educational landscape of Knox County, with local schools benefiting from proximity to higher education resources.
Knox County is home to several historic sites and landmarks, including old courthouses, historic homes, and Civil War-era sites. These sites reflect the county’s rich history and heritage. Knox County hosts various cultural events and festivals that celebrate its Appalachian heritage, including community fairs, music festivals, and historical reenactments. Although not a resident of Knox County, Daniel Boone's exploration and the Wilderness Road greatly influenced the settlement patterns in the area. Knox County’s history is characterized by its early settlement, agricultural and industrial development, and its role in the Civil War. Today, the county continues to preserve its historical heritage while adapting to changing economic and social conditions.
Geographical Facts
Location: Knox County is located in southeastern Kentucky, within the Appalachian region. It is bordered by Laurel County to the west, Bell County to the south, Clay County to the east, and Jackson County to the north.
Area: The county covers approximately 391 square miles.
Natural Features: The county features rolling hills, forests, and several rivers and streams, including the Cumberland River, which runs through the county.
Population Statistics
Population: As of the 2020 Census, Knox County had a population of approximately 31,000 people.
Population Density: The population density is around 80 people per square mile.
Demographics:
Race/Ethnicity: The racial makeup of the county is predominantly White (about 95%), with smaller percentages of Black or African American, Native American, Asian, and other races.
Age Distribution: The median age in the county is approximately 40 years.
Household Income: The median household income is about $36,000.
Economic Facts
Major Industries: The economy of Knox County is diverse, with significant sectors including education, healthcare, manufacturing, and retail. Historically, coal mining played a major role in the local economy, though its influence has decreased.
Employment: Major employers include local educational institutions, healthcare providers, and retail businesses. The county also benefits from its proximity to the University of the Cumberlands in neighboring Whitley County.
Education
School Districts: Knox County is served by the Knox County Schools, Knox County Schools / Homepage (knoxschools.org) which operate several elementary, middle, and high schools throughout the county.
Higher Education: The county benefits from its proximity to the University of the Cumberlands, which is located in nearby Williamsburg, providing educational opportunities and contributing to the regional economy.
Educational Attainment: Approximately 80% of residents have a high school diploma or higher, with around 10% holding a bachelor’s degree or higher.
Healthcare
Healthcare Facilities: Knox County has several healthcare facilities, including the Barbourville ARH Hospital and various clinics and healthcare centers.
Transportation
Major Highways: Knox County is accessible via major highways, including U.S. Route 25 and Kentucky Route 80, which provide important transportation links to other parts of Kentucky and beyond.
Railroads: The county is served by railroads that contribute to regional transportation and commerce.
Public Transit: Public transportation options are limited, with most residents relying on private vehicles for their transportation needs.
Government and Infrastructure
Government: Knox County is governed by a fiscal court, which includes a judge-executive and magistrates representing different districts within the county. Barbourville is the county seat and serves as the center of local government.
Public Services: The county provides standard public services, including law enforcement, emergency services, public works, and waste management.
Tourism and Attractions
Natural Attractions: Knox County is known for its natural beauty, including the nearby Daniel Boone National Forest and various rivers and streams that offer recreational opportunities such as hiking, fishing, and camping.
Historic Sites: The county has several historic sites and landmarks, including old courthouses, historic homes, and Civil War-era sites. These sites reflect the county's rich history and heritage.
Local Events: Knox County hosts various local events and festivals that celebrate its Appalachian heritage, including community fairs and cultural events.
Weather
Spring (March to May) Spring in Knox County is characterized by gradually warming temperatures and an increase in rainfall. Early spring (March) can still be cool, with average high temperatures ranging from the mid-50s to low 60s °F (13-17°C). By May, temperatures generally reach the mid-70s to low 80s °F (24-28°C). Spring is one of the wetter seasons, with frequent rain showers and thunderstorms. This season supports the blooming of flowers and the greening of the landscape. Spring is a popular time for outdoor activities such as hiking in the Daniel Boone National Forest, exploring local parks, and enjoying community events.
Summer (June to August) Summers in Knox County are warm to hot and humid. Average high temperatures range from the mid-80s to low 90s °F (29-33°C), with July often being the hottest month. High humidity levels can make the heat feel more intense. The combination of heat and humidity can lead to discomfort, especially during heatwaves. Summer brings frequent afternoon thunderstorms, which can provide temporary relief from the heat. Rainfall is generally higher during this season, with storms often occurring in short, intense bursts. Summer is a peak time for tourism and outdoor activities, such as visiting local attractions, exploring nature, and participating in local fairs and festivals.
Fall (September to November) Fall in Knox County is characterized by cooler temperatures and lower humidity. September often still feels like summer, with highs in the upper 70s to low 80s °F (25-28°C). By November, temperatures drop to the 50s °F (10-15°C) for highs, and nighttime temperatures can fall below freezing. Fall is known for its vibrant foliage, with colorful leaves peaking in October. This makes it an ideal time for scenic drives and outdoor activities in the Daniel Boone National Forest. Fall is generally drier than spring and summer, though occasional rain showers do occur. The weather is more stable and pleasant compared to the hot and humid summer months. Fall is a great time for hiking, exploring parks, and participating in harvest festivals and community events.
Winter (December to February) Winters in Knox County are cold but generally not extreme. Average high temperatures range from the upper 30s to mid-40s °F (3-8°C), with nighttime lows often dipping below freezing. The county receives a moderate amount of snowfall, averaging about 8-12 inches per year. Snowfall can vary from year to year, with some winters seeing more substantial snow and others being milder. Winter is the driest season, but rain and snow showers are still common. Ice storms can occasionally occur, though they are less frequent than in more northern regions. Winter activities might include enjoying the snow-covered landscapes, visiting local historical sites, and participating in indoor community events.
Climate Classification Knox County has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters. The average annual temperature is around 55-60°F (13-16°C). The county receives approximately 45-50 inches of precipitation annually, with the highest rainfall occurring in spring and summer. Knox County can experience severe weather, including thunderstorms and occasional tornadoes, particularly in the spring and summer. Flooding can also occur due to heavy rainfall. These seasonal patterns make Knox County a place where residents and visitors can enjoy a variety of weather-related activities throughout the year.
Natural attractions in Knox Co are abundant and help promote a healthy lifestyle. Residents can participate in numerous outdoor activities in the areas National and State parks. Check out the surrounding county tabs for even more options available in the area.
Dr. Thomas Walker State Historic Site - The Dr. Thomas Walker State Historic Site, located in Barbourville, Kentucky, is a tribute to one of America's early pioneers and explorers. Dr. Thomas Walker, a physician and surveyor, led the first documented expedition through the Cumberland Gap in 1750, preceding even Daniel Boone's famous journey. The site commemorates Walker's contributions to the exploration and settlement of Kentucky, featuring a replica of the log cabin he built during his expedition, which is recognized as the first house built by a European in Kentucky. Visitors can explore the cabin and surrounding grounds, which include a picnic area, a museum, and interpretive exhibits that offer insights into Walker's life and the challenges faced by early settlers. The Dr. Thomas Walker State Historic Site provides a fascinating glimpse into the early history of Kentucky and honors the legacy of a man whose exploration helped pave the way for westward expansion in America.
Knox County ATV Park - Knox County ATV Park, located in the scenic hills of southeastern Kentucky, is a haven for off-road enthusiasts seeking adventure and excitement. Spanning several acres of rugged terrain, the park offers a network of trails that cater to riders of all skill levels, from beginners to seasoned ATV drivers. The trails wind through dense forests, open meadows, and challenging rocky paths, providing a diverse riding experience that showcases the natural beauty of Knox County. With areas designated for both leisurely rides and more technical challenges, the park is a perfect destination for families, groups, and individual riders looking to enjoy a day of outdoor fun. In addition to its trails, the park hosts events and gatherings that bring together the local off-road community. Whether you're looking to tackle tough terrain or enjoy a scenic ride, Knox County ATV Park offers an unforgettable off-road adventure in one of Kentucky's most picturesque settings.
Cannon Creek Lake - Cannon Creek Lake, nestled in the rolling hills of Knox County, Kentucky, is a serene and picturesque destination for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers. This tranquil lake, surrounded by lush forests and natural beauty, offers a peaceful retreat for fishing, boating, and picnicking. Anglers will find the lake teeming with a variety of fish, including bass, bluegill, and catfish, making it a popular spot for both casual and serious fishermen. The calm waters of Cannon Creek Lake also provide an ideal setting for kayaking and canoeing, allowing visitors to explore the scenic shoreline at their own pace. With its well-maintained surroundings and easy access, Cannon Creek Lake is a perfect getaway for families and individuals looking to unwind and connect with nature in the heart of Kentucky.
Wilderness Road - The Wilderness Road is one of the most iconic routes in American history, serving as a crucial gateway for westward expansion in the late 18th century. Blazed by the legendary frontiersman Daniel Boone in 1775, the road stretches through the Appalachian Mountains, connecting the settled regions of Virginia to the fertile lands of Kentucky. This rugged trail, which originally wound through the Cumberland Gap, became the primary path for tens of thousands of settlers moving westward, helping to shape the early development of the American frontier. The Wilderness Road wasn't just a physical route; it symbolized the spirit of exploration and the pursuit of new opportunities. Today, portions of the Wilderness Road are preserved as historic sites and trails, allowing visitors to walk in the footsteps of the pioneers and experience the landscapes that played a pivotal role in the nation's expansion.
Knox County Chamber of Commerce
Services: Business networking, advocacy, events, and community development resources.
Website: www.knoxcountychamber.com
Phone: (606) 545-4079
Southeast Kentucky Industrial Development Association (SKIDA)
Services: Industrial development, site selection assistance, and infrastructure support.
Website: www.skida.org
Phone: (606) 878-0002
Knox County Economic Development
Services: Business recruitment, economic incentives, site selection, and workforce development.
Website: www.knoxcounty.ky.gov
Phone: (606) 546-6192
City of Barbourville
Services: Local government services including permits, zoning, utilities, and public safety.
Website: www.barbourville.com
Phone: (606) 546-6197
City of Corbin (Partially in Knox and Whitley Counties)
Services: Local government services including business licenses, zoning, utilities, and public works.
Website: www.corbin-ky.gov
Phone: (606) 528-6655
Knox County Fiscal Court
Services: County government services including public works, emergency services, and community resources.
Website: www.knoxcounty.ky.gov
Phone: (606) 546-6192